Collagen Cross-Linking
By creating new collagen bonds, CXL strengthens and adds resilience to corneas weakened by keratoconus. If performed early enough, CXL can counteract its effects and allow good vision to preserved. In advanced cases, CXL can postpone the need for invasive corneal transplants and prevent vision from getting worse.
How is the treatment done?
CXL is a straightforward and painless procedure performed in a treatment room under topical anaesthesia. During treatment, the upper-most layer of the cornea (called the epithelium) is gently scraped off to allow for absorption of the photosensitizing agent. Next, riboflavin drops and ultraviolet light are applied for a period of 30 minutes. Once the procedure is complete, the eye is covered with a bandage contact lens to help the epithelium grow back (usually within 2 to 3 days) and facilitate a quick visual recovery.
What is corneal collagen cross-linking?
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a new, noninvasive treatment for keratoconus. CXL involves applying a photosensitizing solution consisting of Riboflavin (vitamin B2) to the cornea and exposing it to a low dose of ultraviolet light. The photosensitizer reacts with the ultraviolet light to create new collagen bonds (cross-links) throughout the cornea.
In corneas affected by keratoconus there are too few collagen bonds to maintain structural integrity. The reduced number of collagen bonds and weakened configuration result in corneal bulging, steepening, and irregularity all of which significantly affect vision.
Can ultraviolet light harm my eyes?
Ultraviolet light used for the CXL treatment was specifically selected to be safe on the cornea, lens and retina while still being sufficient to induce collagen cross-linking. Laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated that the amount of light that reaches the deeper structures in the eye is not strong enough to cause damage. Furthermore, the ultraviolet light is measured and calibrated prior to each treatment to ensure that safe exposure levels are never exceeded.
When will I notice changes?
Within one week vision returns to prior levels. The most dramatic improvements tend to occur during the first three months and then, gradually over a period of up to one year, the cornea continues to stiffen and stabilize resulting in further improvements. In most cases, the keratoconus stops getting worse and in some cases vision improves.
How long is follow-up?
You will be seen shortly after the procedure to remove the bandage contact lens and assess your recovery. Regular follow-up visits will be at one, three and six months, and at one year. After that you will be seen annually to monitor your results.
When can I wear contact lenses again?
In most cases, you may return to wearing contact lenses after one month. However, your contacts may need to be changed occasionally until your cornea fully stabilizes.
What makes corneal collagen cross-linking unique?
CXL is a unique treatment because it is noninvasive and targets the root of the problem which is the weakened cornea in keratoconus. CXL significantly increases the number of collagen bonds between the corneal layers, in effect returning the cornea to a more stable state. In contrast to other procedures like intrastromal ring segments or laser surgery, only CXL offers the potential to target the underlying cause and thus offer long-term benefits for those suffer from keratoconus.
More interestingly, CXL can be a part of a process in the management of keratoconus patients. It can be combined with Intacs before or after the procedure, and “fine tuned” with surface laser procedures.
